See vorbь on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "horobʺjá",
"word": "гороб'я́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "vorobʺjá",
"word": "вороб'я́"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "zle-muk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "vorobjá",
"sense": "sparrow",
"word": "воробѧ́"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wrobl"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vrabie"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "veréb"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*verva",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verva"
],
[
"*verskъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verskъ"
],
[
"*(s)werbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)werbʰ-"
],
[
"žvi̇̀rblis",
"žvirblis#Lithuanian"
],
[
"zvirbulis",
"zvirbulis#Latvian"
],
[
"virblis",
"virblis#Latvian"
],
[
"s-mobile",
"s-mobile"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*verva",
"3": "",
"4": "fuss, noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)werbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to peck, to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìrblis",
"3": "",
"4": "sparrow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvi̇̀rblis (“sparrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "zvirbulis",
"3": "",
"4": "sparrow"
},
"expansion": "Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either of onomatopoeic origin from the same root as Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”), *verskъ (“scream”) or probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”), akin to Lithuanian žvi̇̀rblis (“sparrow”) , Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”), virblis (“eagle”) (dialectal). If correct, the Baltic forms would reflect the s-mobile form of the root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "võrbь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьjē",
"roman": "võrbľē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьju",
"roman": "vorbľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀jь",
"roman": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀mъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьju",
"roman": "vorbľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vorbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьjē",
"roman": "võrbľē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "*võrbь"
},
"expansion": "*võrbь m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "m",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorbь",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "vorbьjь"
},
{
"word": "vorbьľь"
},
{
"word": "vorbьcь"
},
{
"word": "vorbokъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "vorbьčę"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sparrow"
],
"id": "en-vorbь-sla-pro-noun-BFTVJ6f6",
"links": [
[
"sparrow",
"sparrow"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "itch",
"translation": "itch",
"word": "svorbъ"
},
{
"english": "partridge",
"translation": "partridge",
"word": "arębъ"
},
{
"english": "speckled, spotted",
"translation": "speckled, spotted",
"word": "rębъ"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vorbь"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "vorbьjь"
},
{
"word": "vorbьľь"
},
{
"word": "vorbьcь"
},
{
"word": "vorbokъ"
},
{
"tags": [
"diminutive"
],
"word": "vorbьčę"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "horobʺjá",
"word": "гороб'я́"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "vorobʺjá",
"word": "вороб'я́"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "zle-muk",
"raw_tags": [
"n"
],
"roman": "vorobjá",
"sense": "sparrow",
"word": "воробѧ́"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "wrobl"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "vrabie"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "veréb"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*verva",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verva"
],
[
"*verskъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/verskъ"
],
[
"*(s)werbʰ-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)werbʰ-"
],
[
"žvi̇̀rblis",
"žvirblis#Lithuanian"
],
[
"zvirbulis",
"zvirbulis#Latvian"
],
[
"virblis",
"virblis#Latvian"
],
[
"s-mobile",
"s-mobile"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*verva",
"3": "",
"4": "fuss, noise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)werbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to peck, to scratch"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìrblis",
"3": "",
"4": "sparrow"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvi̇̀rblis (“sparrow”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "zvirbulis",
"3": "",
"4": "sparrow"
},
"expansion": "Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Either of onomatopoeic origin from the same root as Proto-Slavic *verva (“fuss, noise”), *verskъ (“scream”) or probably from Proto-Indo-European *(s)werbʰ- (“to peck, to scratch”), akin to Lithuanian žvi̇̀rblis (“sparrow”) , Latvian zvirbulis (“sparrow”), virblis (“eagle”) (dialectal). If correct, the Baltic forms would reflect the s-mobile form of the root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "võrbь",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьjē",
"roman": "võrbľē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьju",
"roman": "vorbľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀jь",
"roman": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀mъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀mь",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьju",
"roman": "vorbľu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbь̀xъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vorbi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "vōrbì",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "võrbьjē",
"roman": "võrbľē",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"head": "*võrbь"
},
"expansion": "*võrbь m",
"name": "sla-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"ap": "b",
"g": "m",
"stem": "i"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorbь",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "itch",
"translation": "itch",
"word": "svorbъ"
},
{
"english": "partridge",
"translation": "partridge",
"word": "arębъ"
},
{
"english": "speckled, spotted",
"translation": "speckled, spotted",
"word": "rębъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic masculine i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic onomatopoeias",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"sla-pro:True sparrows"
],
"glosses": [
"sparrow"
],
"links": [
[
"sparrow",
"sparrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "vorbь"
}
Download raw JSONL data for vorbь meaning in All languages combined (5.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.